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Mindat.org is the world's largest open database of minerals, rocks, meteorites and the localities they come from.

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On This Day (24th Feb 1663): Thomas Newcomen is born

English engineer and inventor of the the world's first successful atmospheric steam engine. His invention of c.1711 came into use by 1725 to pump water out of coal mines or raise water to power water-wheels. On each stroke, steam filled a cylinder closed by a piston, then a spray of water chilled and condensed the steam in the cylinder creating a vacuum, then atmospheric pressure pushed the piston down. A crossbeam transferred the motion of the piston to operating the pump. This was wasteful of fuel needed to reheat the cylinder for the next stroke. Despite being slow and inefficient, Newcomen's engine was relied on for the first 60 years of the new steam age it began, perhaps the single most important invention of the Industrial Revolution.

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Coolbaugh Mark Heintzelman Mark Kucera Mark McConnell Mark Sloan Marshal Clark Martin Held Martin Jára Martin Schmalzried Marvin Hanner Mary Johnson Matt Zukowski Meinrad Kempf Mel Huffman Melissa Huffman Michael Cox Michael Donnelly Michael J Pabst Michael Krause Michael Leger Michael Sweeney Michael Woodhouse Michel Gadoury Michelle Hickman Michelle Schrader Mikael Gonzales Mike Corrigan Mike Salotti Mike Williams Miner's Lunchbox Morgan Wallace Narrissa Spies Nature's Gallery, Inc. Nico Moric Nicole Sanchez Nigel Pratt Nipissing Rock and Mineral Club Inc Norbert H?bner Norman King North Jersey Mineralogical Society Orange County Mineral Society Origin Gems® PH, dedicated to JULIA ROSE HUGGINS Pacific GeoLab Pascal DE VOS Pat Mason Pater Petrus Patricia Kelley Patrick Killilea Paul Bongaerts Paul Botha Paul Brandes Paul Favia Paul Giesting Paul Huggins Paul Ramsey Paul Senn Paul Siegel Paul Verger Persson Rare Minerals Peter Farquhar Peter Lehninger Peter Lessing Peter Megaw Peter Modreski Peter Slootweg Petr Tykvart Philadelphia Mineralogical Society Phoenix Heritage Mineral Show Pierfranco Del Monaco RESERVED ROBERT Jenkins RadiationRob Ralph S Bottrill Randy Maass Rebecca Skordas Riccardo Modanesi Richard Eddy Richard Gibson Richard Jarvest Richard M Egan Richard Shupe Rob Woodside Robert A Farrar Robert Bowell Robert Carlton Robert F. 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Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2026, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are © OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 by Jolyon Ralph and Ida Chau.
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To cite: Ralph, J., Von Bargen, D., Martynov, P., Zhang, J., Que, X., Prabhu, A., Morrison, S. M., Li, W., Chen, W., & Ma, X. (2025). Mindat.org: The open access mineralogy database to accelerate data-intensive geoscience research. American Mineralogist, 110(6), 833–844. doi:10.2138/am-2024-9486.
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