WebSafe 3.7doi.org
|
|
🏠
Skip to main content
Log in

Mineralogy, geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Metters Bore No. 1 lamproite pipe, Calwynyardah Field, West Kimberley Province, Western Australia

Mineralogie, geochemie und petrogenese der lamproit-pipe Metters Bore No. 1, Kalwynyardah Field, West Kimberley Provinz, West-Australien

  • Published:
Save article
View saved research
Mineralogy and Petrology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

The Metters Bore No. 1 lamproite (MB1) is a small unexposed pipe located in the Calwynyardah field of the Miocene West Kimberley lamproite province. Microdiamonds have been recovered from bulk sampling of the pipe but no macrodiamonds (>0.8 mm) have been found. The pipe contains both volcaniclastic and magmatic (i.e. non-fragmental, extrusive-to-hypabyssal facies) lamproite. The latter rock is dominantly olivine-leucite-diopside lamproite and comprises phenocrysts and microphenocrysts of diopside, altered olivine (∼ Fo91), and rare phlogopite, together with phenocrysts and glomeroporphyritic aggregates of altered leucite. These are set in an altered, fine-grained to glassy groundmass including diopside, leucite, priderite, apatite, less abundant chrome-spine', perovskite, interstitial richterite with minor calcic amphibole, ilmenite, sphene and wadeite. Mineral compositions are complex and variable: for example: five compositionally distinct fields can be recognizedamong the diopsides, and three among the phlogopites. The Ti-rich, Al-poor diopsides, Ti-F-rich, Al-poor phlogopites, and potassium titanian richterites all have apparent tetrahedral site deficiencies which can best be explained by tetrahedral substitution of Ti4+ and/or Mg2+; no substitution of Fe3+ is indicated. Three major types of spinel are recognized: olivine-included titaniferous magnesiochromite (TMC), xenocrystic aluminous magnesiochromite (AMC) and leucite-included pleonaste. Spinel-olivine-melt oxygen barometry indicates that the TMC spine's crystallized from evolving lamproite magma under low oxygen fugacity conditions (MW to ∼ IW). Manganiferous groundmass ilmenite has low calculated Fe2O3 (< 1 wt%), also consistent with reduced conditions. The maintenance of a low oxidation state during magmatic crystallization, a feature shared with the Argyle olivine-lamproite, is considered a significant factor in preservation of the MB1 microdiamond population. Xenocrystic minerals encountered in heavy mineral concentrates (HMC) indicate that the MB1 lamproite sampled upper mantle spinel ±garnet lherzolite from >60 km depth and crustal mafic rocks. Geochemically, MB1 is typical of West Kimberley leucite-lamproites, which are characterized by high TiO2 (> 4 wt%), low CaO (< 5 wt%), MgO < 10wt%, and enrichment in incompatible elements (Rb, Sr, Ba, LREE, etc.). Although MB1 is an olivine-bearing lamproite, it has source-related geochemical features, e.g. mantle-normalized Sc/V and Zr/Nb ratios of < 0.75 and > 0.6, respectively, that are similar to other West Kimberley leucite-lamproites and distinct from olivine-lamproites. Petrogenetically, the bulk composition and low magmatic oxidation state of MB1 supports an origin by melting of phlogopite-bearing harzburgitic source under reduced fO2 (< MW) conditions.

Zusammenfassung

Der Lamproit Metters Bore No. 1 (MB1) ist eine kleine, nicht an der Oberfläche aufgeschlossene Pipe im Kalwynyardah Gebiet der miozänen Lamproit-Provinz von West Kimberley. Mikrodiamanten sind bei der Untersuchung von Proben aus der Pipe gefunden worden, jedoch keine Makrodiamanten (> 0.8 mm). Die Pipe enthält sowohl vulkanoklastischen wie magmatischen Lamproit (nicht-fragmentierte extrusive bis hypabyssische Fazies). Bei dem magmatischen lamproit handeltes sich um einen Olivin-Leuzit-Diopsid-Lamproit mit Kristallen und Mikrokristallen von Diopsid, umgewandeltem Olivin (∼ Fo91), seltener Phlogopit, zusammen mit Kristallen und glomeroporphyritischen Aggregaten von umgewandeltem Leuzit. Diese sitzen in einer umgewandelten, feinkörnigen bis glasigen Grundmasse mit Diopsid, Leuzit, Priderit, Apatit, seltener Chromspinell, Perovskit, Richterit mit geringen Mengen an Kalziumamphibol, Ilmenit, Titanit und Wadeit. Die Mineralzusammensetzungen sind komplex und variabel: so können z.B. fünf der Zusammensetzung nach eindeutig definierte Felder für die Diopside nachgewiesen werden und drei solche für die Phlogopite. Die Ti-reichen Al-armen Diopside, Ti-F-reiche Al-arme Phlogopite und Kalium-Titan-Richterite haben alle reduzierte Besetzungen von Tetraederstellen, die am besten durch tetraedrische Substitution von Ti4+ und/oder Mg` erklärt werden können. Es gibt keine Hinweise für Substition von Fe3+. Drei Haupttypen von Spinellen kommen vor: Titan-führender Magnesiochromit (TMC) als Einschlüsse in Olivin, aluminiumführender Magnesiochromit (AMC) und Pleonast, der in Leuzit eingeschlossen ist. Sauerstoffbarometrie (Spinell-Olivin-Schmelze) zeigt, daß die TMC Spinelle von einem fraktionierten lamproitischen Magma bei niedriger Sauerstofffugazität (MW bis ∼ IW) kristallisiert sind. Manganführender Ilmenit der Grundmasse hat niedrige berechnete Fe2O3 Gehalte (< 1 %), und auch das entspricht reduzierenden Bedingungen. Die Erhaltung eines niedrigen Oxydationsstatus während der magmatischen Kristallisation ist eine Eigenschaft, die auch im Olivin-Lamproit der Argyle Pipe zu beobachten ist. Dies wird als ein signifikanter Faktor für den Erhalt der Mikrodiamanten in MBI gesehen. Xenokristalle die in Schwermineral-Konzentraten (HMC) vorkommen, weisen darauf hin, daß der MB1 Lamproit Material des oberen Mantels (Spinell ± Granatlherzolit) aus mehr als 60 km Tiefe, sowie mafische Gesteine der Kruste aufgenommen hat. Geochemisch gesehen ist MB1 typisch für die Leuzit-Lamproite von West Kimberley, welche durch hohe TiO2 (> 4 wt.%), niedrige CaO (< 5 wt.%), MgO (< 10 wt.%) und Anreicherung von inkompatiblen Elementen (Rb, Sr, Ba, LSEE, etc.) charakterisiert werden. Obwohl MB1 ein Olivin-führender Lamproit ist, zeigt er geochemische Eigenschaften, wie Mantel-normalisierte Sc/V und Zr/Nb Verhältnisse von < 0.75 und > als 0.6, die ähnlich anderen Leuzit-Lamproiten von West Kimberley sind und sich von Olivin-Lamproiten unterscheiden. Petrogenetisch gesehen weisen sowohl die Gesamtzusammensetzung als auch der niedrige magmatische Oxydationsstatus von MBI auf eine genese durch Aufschmelzen von Phlogopit-führendem Harzburgit unter reduzierenden f02 (< MW) Bedingungen hin.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save

Springer+
from $39.99 /Month
  • Starting from 10 chapters or articles per month
  • Access and download chapters and articles from more than 300k books and 2,500 journals
  • Cancel anytime
View plans

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Agee JJ, Garrison JR, Taylor LA (1982) Petrogenesis of oxide minerals in kimberlite, Elliott County, Kentucky. Am Mineral 67: 28–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Allsopp HL, Bristow JW, Skinner EMW, Scott-Smith BH, Danchin RV (1985) Rb-Sr geochronology of some Miocene West Australian lamproites. Trans Geol Soc S Afr 88: 341–345

    Google Scholar 

  • Annerstein H, Devanarayanan S, Haggstrom S, Wappling R (1971) Mossbauer study of synthetic ferriphlogopite KMg3Si3FeO10(OH)2. Physica Status Solidi B: K137

  • Arima M, Edgar AD (1981) Substitution mechanisms and solubility of titanium in phlogopites from rocks of probable mantle origin. Contrib Mineral Petrol 77: 288–295

    Google Scholar 

  • Arima M, Edgar AD (1983) A high pressure experimental study on a magnesium-rich leucite-lamproite from the West Kimberley area Australia: petrogenetic implications. Contrib Mineral Petrol 84: 228–234

    Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson WJ, Hughes FE, Smith CB (1984) A review of the kimberlitic rocks of Western Australia. In:Kornprobst J (ed) Kimberlites I. kimberlites and related rocks. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 195–225

    Google Scholar 

  • Bachinski SW, Simpson EL (1984) Ti-phlogopites of the Shaw's Cove minette: a comparison with micas of other lamprophyres potassic rocks kimberlites and mantle xenoliths. Am Mineral 69: 41–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Baldridge WS (1979) Maîic and ultramafic inclusion suites from the Rio Grande Rift (New Mexico) and their bearing on the composition and thermal state of the lithosphere. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 6: 319–351

    Google Scholar 

  • Ballhaus C, Berry RF, Green DH (1991) High pressure experimental calibration of the olivine-orthopyroxene-spinel oxygen geobarometer: implications for the oxidation state of the upper mantle. Contrib Mineral Petrol 107: 27–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Barton M, Van Bergen MJ (1981) Green clinopyroxenes and associated phases in a potassiumrich lava from the Leucite Hills, Wyoming. Contrib Mineral Petrol 77: 101–114

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergman SC (1987) Lamproites and other potassium-rich igneous rocks: a review of their occurrence mineralogy and geochemistry. In:Fitton JG, Upton BGJ (eds) Alkaline igneous rocks. Spec Publ Geol Soc Lond 30: 103–190

  • Binns RA, Duggan MB, Wilkinson JFG (1970) High pressure megacrysts in alkaline lavas from north-eastern New South Wales. Am J Sci 269: 132–168

    Google Scholar 

  • Boctor NZ, Meyer HOA (1979) Oxide and sulphide minerals in kimberlite from Green Mountain Colorado. In:Boyd F, Meyer H (eds) Kimberlites diatremes and diamonds: their geology petrology and chemistry. Am Geophys Union Washington: 217–228

    Google Scholar 

  • Boxer GL, Haebig EA (1980) Annual report for 1979 on exploration completed within mineral claims on the Hardman 1:100,000 map sheet 3861, West Kimberley Goldfield, W.A. CRA Exploration P/L., Report 130191 (unpublished)

  • Carmichael ISE (1967) Mineralogy and petrology of the volcanic rocks from the Leucite Hills, Wyoming. Contrib Mineral Petrol 15: 24–66

    Google Scholar 

  • Cundari A, Salviulo G (1989) Ti solubility in diopsidic pyroxene from a suite of New South Wales leucitites (Australia). Lithos 22: 191–198

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawson JB, Stephens WE (1975) Statistical analysis of garnets from kimberlites and associated xenoliths. J Geol 83: 589–607

    Google Scholar 

  • Della Ventura G, Robert J-L, Beny J-M (1991) Tetrahedrally coordinated Ti4+ in synthetic Ti-rich potassic richterite: evidence from XRD, FTIR and Raman studies. Am Mineral 76: 1134–1140

    Google Scholar 

  • Edgar AD, Charbonneau HE (1991) Fluorine-bearing phases in lamproites. Mineral Petrol 44: 125–149

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards D, Rock NMS, Taylor WR, Griffin BJ, Ramsay RR (1992) Mineralogy and petrology of the Aries diamondiferous kimberlite pipe, central Kimberley block, Western Australia. J Petrol 33: 1157–1191

    Google Scholar 

  • Farmer GL, Boettcher AL (1981) Petrologic and crystal-chemical significance of some deep-seated phlogopites. Am Mineral 66: 1154–1163

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher RV, Schminke H-U (1984) Volcaniclastic rocks. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, 472 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Foley SF (1985) The oxidation state of lamproitic magmas. Tscherm Min Petr Mitt 34: 217–238

    Google Scholar 

  • Foley SF (1989a) The genesis of lamproitic magmas in a reduced fluorine-rich mantle. In:Ross J (ed) Kimberlites and related rocks, vol 1. Geol Soc Aust Spec Publ 14: 616-631

  • Foley SF (1989b) Experimental constraints on phlogopite chemistry in lamproites. 1. The effect of water activity and oxygen fugacity. Eur J Mineral 1: 411–426

    Google Scholar 

  • Foley SF (1990) Experimental constraints on phlogopite chemistry in lamproites. 2. The effect of pressure-temperature variations. Eur J Mineral 2: 327–341

    Google Scholar 

  • Foley SF, Taylor WR, Green DH (1986) The role of fluorine and oxygen fugacity in the genesis of the ultrapotassic rocks. Contrib Mineral Petrol 94: 183–192

    Google Scholar 

  • Forbes WC, Flower MJF (1974) Phase relations of titanphlogopite K2Mg4TiAl2Si6O20 (OH)4: a refractory phase in the upper mantle? Earth Planet Sci Lett 22: 60–66

    Google Scholar 

  • Frey F, Green DH, Roy SD (1978) Integrated models of basalt petrogenesis: a study of quartz tholeiites to olivine melilitites from south eastern Australia utilizing geochemical and experimental petrological data. J Petrol 19: 463–513

    Google Scholar 

  • Gurney JJ (1984) A correlation between garnets and diamonds in kimberlites In:Glover JE, Harris PG (eds) Kimberlite occurrence and origin: a basis for conceptual models in exploration. Univ West Aust Geol Dept Ext Publ 8: 19–61

  • Haebig EA (1979) Annual report for 1978 mineral claims on the Hardman 1: 100000 map sheet 3861, Noonkanbah, 1:250000 map sheet SE 51-12, West Kimberley Goldfield, W.A. CRA Exploration P/L (unpublished)

  • Haebig EA (1983) Final report on exploration completed within mineral claims on the Hardman 1:100 000 map sheet, Noonkanbah, Western Australia. CRA Exploration P/L, Report 130093 (unpublished)

  • Haggerty SE, Hardie RB, McMahon BM (1979) The mineral chemistry of ilmenite nodule associations from the Monastery diatreme. In:Boyd F, Meyer H (eds) Kimberlites diatremes and diamonds: their geology petrology and chemistry. Am Geophys Union Washington: 249–256

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes CJ (1982) Igneous petrology. Elsevier, 551 pp

  • Hughes FE, Smith CB (1990) Ellendale diamond deposits. In:Hughes F (ed) Geology of the mineral deposits of Australia and Papua New Guinea. Mongraph Australasian Inst Mining Metall 14: 1115–1122

  • Hwang P (1990) The mineralogy and geochemistry of the Metters Bore No. 1 lamproite pipe, West Kimberley province, Western Australia. BSc(Hons) thesis, University of Western Australia (unpubl)

  • MA-International Mineralogical Association (1978) Nomenclature of amphiboles. Min Mag 42: 533–563, Am Mineral 63: 1023-1052

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaques AL, Foley SF (1985) The origin of Al-rich spinel inclusions in leucite from the leucite lamproites of Western Australia. Am Mineral 70: 1143–1150

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaques AL, Lewis JD, Smith CB (1986) The kimberlites and lamproites of Western Australia. Bull Geol Surv W Aust 132: 268 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaques AL, Webb AW, Fanning CM, Black LP, Pidgeon R T, Ferguson J, Smith CB, Gregory GP (1984) The age of the diamond bearing pipes and associated leucite lamproites of the West Kimberley region, Western Australia. Australian Bureau Mineral Resources, J Geol Geophys 9: 1–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaques AL, Haggerty SE, Lucas H, Boxer GL (1989) Mineralogy and petrology of the Argyle lamproite pipe Western Australia. In: Ross J (ed) Kimberlites and related rocks, vol 1. Geol Soc Aust Spec Publ 14: 153–169

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaques AL, O'Neill HStC, Smith CB, Moon J, Chappell BW (1990) Diamondiferous xenoliths from the Argyle (AKI) lamproite pipe Western Australia. Contrib Min Petrol 104: 255–276

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson R W (1989) Intraplate volcanism in eastern Australia and New Zealand. Cambridge University Press, 408 pp

  • Kuehner SM, Edgar AD, Arima M (1981) Petrogenesis of the ultrapotassic rocks from the Leucite Hills, Wyoming. Am Mineral 66: 663–667

    Google Scholar 

  • Leonardos OH, Ulbrich MNC, Meyer HOA (1991) Petrology and geochemistry of the potassic rocks of Presidente Olegario, Serra da Mata da Corda, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 5th Int Kimb Conf, Field Guide, CPRM Spec Publ 27–35

  • Lucas H, Ramsay RR, Hall AE, Smith CB, Sobolev NV (1989) Garnets from Western Australian kimberlites and related rocks. In: Ross J (ed) Kimberlites and related rocks, vol 2. Geol Soc Aust Spec Publ 14: 809–819

    Google Scholar 

  • McCulloch MT, Jaques AL, Nelson DR, Lewis JD (1983) Nd and Sr isotopes in kimberlites and lamproites from Western Australia: an enriched mantle origin. Nature 302:400-403 Mitchell RH (1985) A review of the mineralogy of lamproites. Trans Geol Soc S Africa 88: 411–437

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell RH, Bergman SC (1991) Petrology of lamproites. Plenum, New York, 447 pp Nelson DR, McCulloch MT, Sun S-S (1986) The origins of ultrapotassic rocks as inferred from Sr, Nd and Pb isotopes. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 50: 231–245

    Google Scholar 

  • Prider RT (1960) The leucite lamproites of the Fitzroy Basin, Western Australia. J Geol Soc Aust 6: 71–118

    Google Scholar 

  • Prider RT, Cole WF (1942) The alteration products of olivine and leucite in the lamproites from the West Kimberley area. Am Mineral 27: 373–384

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramsay RR (1992) Chemistry of diamond indicator minerals. Thesis, University of Western Australia (unpubl)

  • Robert J-L (1976) Titanium solubility in synthetic phlogopite solid solution. Chem Geol 17: 213–227

    Google Scholar 

  • Seifert F, Schreyer W (1971) Synthesis and stability of micas in the system K2O-MgO-SiO2H2O and their relations to phlogopite. Contrib Mineral Petrol 30: 196–215

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmid R (1981) Descriptive nomenclature and classification of volcaniclastic deposits and fragments; recommendations of the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Igneous Rocks. Geology 9: 41–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott-Smith BH, Skinner EMW (1984) Diamondiferous lamproites. J Geol 92: 433–438

    Google Scholar 

  • Shervais JW (1982) Ti-V plots and the petrogenesis of modern and ophiolitic lavas. Earth Planet Sci Lett 59: 101–118

    Google Scholar 

  • Sobolev NV, Lavrent'ev YG, Pokhilenko NP, Usova LV (1973) Chrome-rich garnets from the kimberlites of Yakutia and their paragenesis. Contrib Mineral Petrol 40: 39–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun S-S, McDonough WF (1989) Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes In:Saunders AD, Norry MJ (eds) Magmatism in the ocean basins. Geol Soc Spec Publ 42: 313–345

  • Taylor WR Green DH (1989) The role of reduced C-0-H fluids in mantle partial melting. In:Ross J (ed) Kimberlites and related rocks, vol 1. Geol Soc Aust Spec Publ 14: 592–602

  • Venturelli G, Salvioli-Mariani E, Foley SF, Capedri S, Crawford AJ (1988) Petrogenesis and conditions of crystallization of Spanish lamproitic rocks. Can Mineral 26: 67–79

    Google Scholar 

  • Wade A, Prider RT (1940) The leucite-bearing rocks of the West Kimberley area, Western Australia. Quart J Geol Soc Lond 96: 39–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner C, Velde D (1986) The mineralogy and petrology of K-richterite bearing lamproites. Am Mineral 71: 17–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Wellman P (1972) Early Miocene potassium-argon age for the Fitzroy lamproites of Western Australia. J Geol Soc Aust 19: 471–474

    Google Scholar 

  • Wendlandt R (1977) Barium phlogopite from Haystack Butte, Highwood Mountains, Montana. Carnegie Inst Wash Yearbook 76: 534–539

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson JFG (1975) An Al-spinel ultramafïc-mafic inclusion suite and high pressure megacrysts in an analcimite and their bearing on basaltic magma fractionation at elevated pressures. Contrib Mineral Petrol 53: 71–104

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Deceased

With 12 Figures

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hwang, P., Taylor, W.R., Rocky, N.M.S. et al. Mineralogy, geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Metters Bore No. 1 lamproite pipe, Calwynyardah Field, West Kimberley Province, Western Australia. Mineralogy and Petrology 51, 195–226 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01159727

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01159727

Keywords