Higgins Mine, Bisbee, Cochise County, Arizona, USAi
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Higgins Mine | Mine |
| Bisbee | City |
| Cochise County | County |
| Arizona | State |
| USA | Country |
Higgins Mine, Bisbee, Warren Mining District, Cochise County, Arizona, USA
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
31° 26' 22'' North , 109° 55' 18'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
Deposit first discovered:
1900
Köppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
| Place | Population | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Bisbee | 5,208 (2017) | 1.1km |
| Naco | 1,046 (2011) | 11.9km |
| Naco | 6,064 (2018) | 12.7km |
| Palominas | 212 (2011) | 19.8km |
| Miracle Valley | 644 (2011) | 23.0km |
Nearest Clubs:
Local clubs are the best way to get access to collecting localities
Local clubs are the best way to get access to collecting localities
| Club | Location | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Huachuca Mineral and Gem Club | Sierra Vista, Arizona | 38km |
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Higgins Tunnel
A former medium surface and underground Cu-Pb-Mn-Au-Ag-V mine located in the SE¼ sec. 8, T23S, R24E (Bisbee 7.5 minute topo map), 0.5 mile (ca. 805 m) WSW of Bisbee Center at 6,100 feet (ca. 1,859 m) of altitude, on private land. Discovered in 1900 by Thomas Higgins. Produced 1913-1920. Owned at times, or in part, by Mr. David H. White (Aug 1929); and, the Twilight Co. Operated by the Higgins Mining Co. and the Phelps Dodge Corp.
Mineralization is lead and copper sulfides and carbonates in irregular orebodies in Cambrian Abrigo Limestone and Escabrosa Limestone closely associated with a porphyry dike. The ore zone is 106.68 meters long, 45.72 meters wide and 30.48 meters thick. Hard Mn ore in relatively large masses along fracture zones in Mississippian limestone. Associated rock units include the Sacramento Hill Stock and the Shattuck dike. The main fault directions are N10W to N40E, S30W to N50W, pre-mineralization. Faulting and tilting occurred pre-mineralization. Ore concentration involved bornite replacing pyrite. Alteration is gossan with Mn and Fe oxides induced by hydrothermal metamorphism. The Higgins orebody is close to the Shattuck Dike.
Workings include a 70 feet (ca. 21 m) deep shaft (1881), open cuts and tunnels, and a stope 250 feet (ca. 76 m) long. A 1200 feet (ca. 366 m) long drift was driven at the end of the shaft. The mine is connected by tunnels to the Wolverine and Southwest groups. Workings ultimately went to a depth of 91.44 meters. About 33,000 tons of base metal ore were produced in 1913-1915 and some 21,000 tons of manganese ore shipped in 1913-1921, 1925-1929 and 1943.
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsCommodity List
This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.Mineral List
Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities32 valid minerals.
Detailed Mineral List:
| ⓘ Alabandite Formula: MnS Description: Occurs in veinlets in limestone about 300 feet below the Twilight orebody. References: |
| ⓘ Anglesite Formula: PbSO4 References: |
| ⓘ Antlerite Formula: Cu3(SO4)(OH)4 References: |
| ⓘ Baryte Formula: BaSO4 Localities: Description: Occurs as small sheaves & irregular bunches in psilomelane. |
| ⓘ Bílinite Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 22H2O Colour: White to tan Description: On 100 level; encrusting pyritic ore with thick layers of finely fibrous material. References: |
| ⓘ Bornite Formula: Cu5FeS4 |
| ⓘ Braunite Formula: Mn2+Mn3+6(SiO4)O8 Localities: Description: Occurs as radiating masses & compact needles. |
| ⓘ Calcite Formula: CaCO3 |
| ⓘ Chalcocite Formula: Cu2S |
| ⓘ Chalcopyrite Formula: CuFeS2 |
| ⓘ Conichalcite Formula: CaCu(AsO4)(OH) Localities: Description: Excellent crystals & small masses in manganese oxides & limonite. |
| ⓘ Copiapite Formula: Fe2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O Description: Occurs as a post-mining product. |
| ⓘ Coquimbite Formula: AlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| ⓘ Covellite Formula: CuS |
| ⓘ Fluorite Formula: CaF2 |
| ⓘ Galena Formula: PbS References: |
| ⓘ Halotrichite Formula: FeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| ⓘ Hematite Formula: Fe2O3 Localities: Description: Considerable. |
| ⓘ Lepidocrocite Formula: Fe3+O(OH) References: |
| ⓘ 'Limonite' |
| ⓘ Malachite Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 References: |
| ⓘ Melanterite Formula: Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O Description: Occurs as a post-mining product. |
| ⓘ Mottramite Formula: PbCu(VO4)(OH) Description: Occurs as crystals. |
| ⓘ Murdochite Formula: Cu12Pb2O15Cl2 |
| ⓘ Paracoquimbite Formula: Fe4(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O Habit: Scepter growths to 0.5 mm in size. Colour: Violet |
| ⓘ 'Psilomelane' Localities: Colour: Nearly black Description: Hard, compact. |
| ⓘ Pyrite Formula: FeS2 |
| ⓘ Pyrolusite Formula: Mn4+O2 Localities: Colour: Black Description: Occurs sparingly as a soft material. |
| ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 References: |
| ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony Formula: SiO2 References: |
| ⓘ Rhodochrosite Formula: MnCO3 Description: Occurs replacing dolomitic limestone; in drusy cavities in alabandite. |
| ⓘ Römerite Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 14H2O Description: Occurs as a post-mining product. |
| ⓘ Sphalerite Formula: ZnS |
| ⓘ Willemite Formula: Zn2SiO4 References: Luetcke, Rolf (n.d.) Personal communication.Identified by Rolf Luetcke: Visual Identification |
| ⓘ Zincocopiapite Formula: ZnFe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 18H2O Description: Occurs as a post-mining product. |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Chalcocite | 2.BA.05 | Cu2S |
| ⓘ | Bornite | 2.BA.15 | Cu5FeS4 |
| ⓘ | Covellite | 2.CA.05a | CuS |
| ⓘ | Sphalerite | 2.CB.05a | ZnS |
| ⓘ | Chalcopyrite | 2.CB.10a | CuFeS2 |
| ⓘ | Alabandite | 2.CD.10 | MnS |
| ⓘ | Galena | 2.CD.10 | PbS |
| ⓘ | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
| Group 3 - Halides | |||
| ⓘ | Fluorite | 3.AB.25 | CaF2 |
| ⓘ | Murdochite | 3.DB.45 | Cu12Pb2O15Cl2 |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | Hematite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
| ⓘ | Quartz var. Chalcedony | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 | |
| ⓘ | Pyrolusite | 4.DB.05 | Mn4+O2 |
| ⓘ | Lepidocrocite | 4.FE.15 | Fe3+O(OH) |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Rhodochrosite | 5.AB.05 | MnCO3 |
| ⓘ | Malachite | 5.BA.10 | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| ⓘ | Anglesite | 7.AD.35 | PbSO4 |
| ⓘ | Baryte | 7.AD.35 | BaSO4 |
| ⓘ | Antlerite | 7.BB.15 | Cu3(SO4)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Melanterite | 7.CB.35 | Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O |
| ⓘ | Coquimbite | 7.CB.55 | AlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| ⓘ | Paracoquimbite | 7.CB.55 | Fe4(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| ⓘ | Römerite | 7.CB.75 | Fe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 14H2O |
| ⓘ | Bílinite | 7.CB.85 | Fe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| ⓘ | Halotrichite | 7.CB.85 | FeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| ⓘ | Copiapite | 7.DB.35 | Fe2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O |
| ⓘ | Zincocopiapite | 7.DB.35 | ZnFe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 18H2O |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| ⓘ | Conichalcite | 8.BH.35 | CaCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ | Mottramite | 8.BH.40 | PbCu(VO4)(OH) |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Willemite | 9.AA.05 | Zn2SiO4 |
| ⓘ | Braunite | 9.AG.05 | Mn2+Mn3+6(SiO4)O8 |
| Unclassified | |||
| ⓘ | 'Limonite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Psilomelane' | - | |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Antlerite | Cu3(SO4)(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Bílinite | Fe2+Fe23+(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| H | ⓘ Conichalcite | CaCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Copiapite | Fe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O |
| H | ⓘ Coquimbite | AlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| H | ⓘ Halotrichite | FeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| H | ⓘ Lepidocrocite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Melanterite | Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Mottramite | PbCu(VO4)(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Paracoquimbite | Fe4(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| H | ⓘ Römerite | Fe2+Fe23+(SO4)4 · 14H2O |
| H | ⓘ Zincocopiapite | ZnFe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 18H2O |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| C | ⓘ Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Anglesite | PbSO4 |
| O | ⓘ Antlerite | Cu3(SO4)(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| O | ⓘ Bílinite | Fe2+Fe23+(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| O | ⓘ Braunite | Mn2+Mn63+(SiO4)O8 |
| O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Conichalcite | CaCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Copiapite | Fe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O |
| O | ⓘ Coquimbite | AlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| O | ⓘ Halotrichite | FeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| O | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Lepidocrocite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Melanterite | Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Mottramite | PbCu(VO4)(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Murdochite | Cu12Pb2O15Cl2 |
| O | ⓘ Paracoquimbite | Fe4(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| O | ⓘ Pyrolusite | Mn4+O2 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Römerite | Fe2+Fe23+(SO4)4 · 14H2O |
| O | ⓘ Willemite | Zn2SiO4 |
| O | ⓘ Zincocopiapite | ZnFe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 18H2O |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | ⓘ Fluorite | CaF2 |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Coquimbite | AlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Halotrichite | FeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Braunite | Mn2+Mn63+(SiO4)O8 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Willemite | Zn2SiO4 |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Alabandite | MnS |
| S | ⓘ Anglesite | PbSO4 |
| S | ⓘ Antlerite | Cu3(SO4)(OH)4 |
| S | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| S | ⓘ Bílinite | Fe2+Fe23+(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| S | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| S | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Chalcocite | Cu2S |
| S | ⓘ Copiapite | Fe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O |
| S | ⓘ Coquimbite | AlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| S | ⓘ Covellite | CuS |
| S | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| S | ⓘ Halotrichite | FeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| S | ⓘ Melanterite | Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O |
| S | ⓘ Paracoquimbite | Fe4(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| S | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Römerite | Fe2+Fe23+(SO4)4 · 14H2O |
| S | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
| S | ⓘ Zincocopiapite | ZnFe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 18H2O |
| Cl | Chlorine | |
| Cl | ⓘ Murdochite | Cu12Pb2O15Cl2 |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Conichalcite | CaCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Fluorite | CaF2 |
| V | Vanadium | |
| V | ⓘ Mottramite | PbCu(VO4)(OH) |
| Mn | Manganese | |
| Mn | ⓘ Alabandite | MnS |
| Mn | ⓘ Braunite | Mn2+Mn63+(SiO4)O8 |
| Mn | ⓘ Pyrolusite | Mn4+O2 |
| Mn | ⓘ Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Bílinite | Fe2+Fe23+(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Copiapite | Fe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Coquimbite | AlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Halotrichite | FeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Lepidocrocite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Melanterite | Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Paracoquimbite | Fe4(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Römerite | Fe2+Fe23+(SO4)4 · 14H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Zincocopiapite | ZnFe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 18H2O |
| Cu | Copper | |
| Cu | ⓘ Antlerite | Cu3(SO4)(OH)4 |
| Cu | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcocite | Cu2S |
| Cu | ⓘ Conichalcite | CaCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| Cu | ⓘ Covellite | CuS |
| Cu | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Mottramite | PbCu(VO4)(OH) |
| Cu | ⓘ Murdochite | Cu12Pb2O15Cl2 |
| Zn | Zinc | |
| Zn | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
| Zn | ⓘ Willemite | Zn2SiO4 |
| Zn | ⓘ Zincocopiapite | ZnFe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 18H2O |
| As | Arsenic | |
| As | ⓘ Conichalcite | CaCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| Ba | Barium | |
| Ba | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| Pb | Lead | |
| Pb | ⓘ Anglesite | PbSO4 |
| Pb | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| Pb | ⓘ Mottramite | PbCu(VO4)(OH) |
| Pb | ⓘ Murdochite | Cu12Pb2O15Cl2 |
Other Databases
| Link to USGS MRDS: | 10026901 |
|---|
Mindat Articles
Higgins and Twilight Mines, Bisbee, Arizona by Rolf LuetckeLocalities in this Region
- Arizona
- Cochise County
- Bisbee
- Higgins Mine
- Bisbee
- Cochise County
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
Mexico
- Sierra Madre OccidentalMountain Range
North AmericaContinent
- Sonoran DesertDesert
North America PlateTectonic Plate
- Mazatzal DomainDomain
- Pedregosa BasinBasin
- Southern Basin and RangeWide Rift
USA
- Arizona
- Cochise County
- Mule MountainsMountain Range
- Warren Mining DistrictMining District
- Cochise County
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References
(n.d.) Minerals Availability System (MAS), U.S. Bureau of Mines.file ID #0040030624
Palache, Charles, Shannon, Earl. V. (1920) Higginsite, a new mineral of the olivenite group. American Mineralogist, 5 (9) 155-157
Hewett, Donnel Foster, Rove, Olaf N. (1930) Occurrence and relations of alabandite. Economic Geology, 25 (1) 36-56 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.25.1.36
Taber, Stephen, Schaller, Waldemar T. (1930) Psittacinite from the Higgins Mine, Bisbee, Arizona. American Mineralogist, 15 (12) 575-578
Schaller, Waldemar T. (1934) Mottramite or psittacinite - a question of nomenclature. American Mineralogist, 19 (4). 180-181
Richmond, Wallace E. (1940) Crystal chemistry of the phosphates, arsenates and vanadates of the type A2XO4(Z). American Mineralogist, 25 (7). 441-479
Hewett, Donnel Foster, Fleischer, Michael (1960) Deposits of the manganese oxides. Economic Geology, 55 (1) 1-55 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.55.1.1
Radcliffe, Dennis, Simmons, W. Bruce (1971) Austinite: Chemical and physical properties in relation to conichalcite. American Mineralogist, 56 (5-6) 1359-1365
(1973) Index of Mining Properties in Cochise County, Arizona. University of Arizona Bulletin 187. Arizona Bureau of Mines p.87 - Table 4
Anthony, John W., Williams, Sidney A., Bideaux, Richard A., Grant, Raymond W. (1995) Mineralogy of Arizona (3rd ed.). University of Arizona Press.pages 104, 136, 144, 182, 306, 308, 353
Higgins Mine, Bisbee, Cochise County, Arizona, USA