Caledonia Mine, Mass City, Ontonagon County, Michigan, USAi
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Caledonia Mine | Mine |
| Mass City | Census-designated Place |
| Ontonagon County | County |
| Michigan | State |
| USA | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
46ยฐ 45' 3'' North , 89ยฐ 7' 13'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
Kรถppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
| Place | Population | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Ontonagon | 1,324 (2017) | 19.9km |
| White Pine | 474 (2017) | 35.3km |
| South Range | 746 (2017) | 50.7km |
| Watersmeet | 428 (2017) | 53.9km |
An underground copper mine consisting of two shafts and four adits located approx. 40 miles (ca. 64 km) SW of Houghton, Michigan. The Caledonia Mining Company was organized in 1863 after purchasing the Nebraska and Kansas Mining Company properties. Operations continued until 1871, when Caledonia and the Flinsteel Copper Company merged together. In 1872, the mine closed, having produced approximately 903,000 pounds (ca. 410 t) of refined copper. From 1873 to 1881, the mine was tributed, and another 330,000 pounds (ca. 150 t) of copper was produced, including one mass weighing 40 tons. The mine was dormant until 1937, when Calumet & Hecla reopened the No. 4 adit for exploration but stopped the project due to World War 2. In 1950, C&H returned to continue exploration, drifting, and stoping. Between 1951 and 1958, C&H removed approximately 5.5 million pounds of refined copper from the No. 4 adit. In 1985, Red Metal Explorations acquired the Caledonia Mine and conducted exploration of the property until 2013, when Evergreen Explorations purchased the property. The mine was the centerpiece for a week-long series of mineral collecting field trips in August put on by local organizations. The mine is exceptional for copper, silver, and datolite, as well as a range of microminerals.
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsCommodity List
This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.Mineral List
20 valid minerals.
Detailed Mineral List:
| โ Brochantite Formula: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| โ Calcite Formula: CaCO3 |
| โ Clinochlore Formula: Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| โ Clinochloreย var. Pennine Formula: Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| โ Cuprite Formula: Cu2O |
| โ Datolite Formula: CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
| โ Epidote Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| โ Gerhardtite Formula: Cu2(NO3)(OH)3 |
| โ Goethite Formula: Fe3+O(OH) |
| โ Hematite Formula: Fe2O3 |
| โ Jacquesdietrichite Formula: Cu2(H2BO3)(OH)3 References: |
| โ 'K Feldspar' |
| โ 'K Feldsparย var. Adularia' Formula: KAlSi3O8 |
| โ Likasite Formula: Cu3(NO3)(OH)5 ยท 2H2O |
| โ Malachite Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 References: |
| โ Microcline Formula: K(AlSi3O8) |
| โ Native Copper Formula: Cu |
| โ Native Silver Formula: Ag |
| โ Prehnite Formula: Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| โ Pumpellyite-(Mg) Formula: Ca2MgAl2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) References: |
| โ 'Pumpellyite Subgroup' Formula: Ca2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A |
| โ Quartz Formula: SiO2 |
| โ Saponite Formula: Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 ยท nH2O |
| โ Tenorite Formula: CuO References: |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 1 - Elements | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| โ | Native Copper | 1.AA.05 | Cu |
| โ | Native Silver | 1.AA.05 | Ag |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| โ | Goethite | 4.00. | Fe3+O(OH) |
| โ | Cuprite | 4.AA.10 | Cu2O |
| โ | Tenorite | 4.AB.10 | CuO |
| โ | Hematite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
| โ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| โ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| โ | Malachite | 5.BA.10 | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| โ | Gerhardtite | 5.NB.05 | Cu2(NO3)(OH)3 |
| โ | Likasite | 5.ND.05 | Cu3(NO3)(OH)5 ยท 2H2O |
| Group 6 - Borates | |||
| โ | Jacquesdietrichite | 6.AB.80 | Cu2(H2BO3)(OH)3 |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| โ | Brochantite | 7.BB.25 | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| โ | Datolite | 9.AJ.20 | CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
| โ | Epidote | 9.BG.05a | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| โ | Pumpellyite-(Mg) | 9.BG.20 | Ca2MgAl2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
| โ | Prehnite | 9.DP.20 | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| โ | Saponite | 9.EC.45 | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 ยท nH2O |
| โ | Clinochlore | 9.EC.55 | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| โ | var. Pennine | 9.EC.55 | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| โ | Microcline | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Unclassified | |||
| โ | 'K Feldspar var. Adularia' | - | KAlSi3O8 |
| โ | 'Pumpellyite Subgroup' | - | Ca2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A |
| โ | 'K Feldspar' | - | |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | โ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| H | โ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| H | โ Datolite | CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
| H | โ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | โ Gerhardtite | Cu2(NO3)(OH)3 |
| H | โ Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| H | โ Likasite | Cu3(NO3)(OH)5 ยท 2H2O |
| H | โ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| H | โ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| H | โ Pumpellyite Subgroup | Ca2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A |
| H | โ Pumpellyite-(Mg) | Ca2MgAl2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
| H | โ Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 ยท nH2O |
| H | โ Clinochlore var. Pennine | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| H | โ Jacquesdietrichite | Cu2(H2BO3)(OH)3 |
| B | Boron | |
| B | โ Datolite | CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
| B | โ Jacquesdietrichite | Cu2(H2BO3)(OH)3 |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | โ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| C | โ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| N | Nitrogen | |
| N | โ Gerhardtite | Cu2(NO3)(OH)3 |
| N | โ Likasite | Cu3(NO3)(OH)5 ยท 2H2O |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | โ K Feldspar var. Adularia | KAlSi3O8 |
| O | โ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| O | โ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | โ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| O | โ Cuprite | Cu2O |
| O | โ Datolite | CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
| O | โ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | โ Gerhardtite | Cu2(NO3)(OH)3 |
| O | โ Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| O | โ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| O | โ Likasite | Cu3(NO3)(OH)5 ยท 2H2O |
| O | โ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| O | โ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | โ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| O | โ Pumpellyite Subgroup | Ca2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A |
| O | โ Pumpellyite-(Mg) | Ca2MgAl2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
| O | โ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | โ Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 ยท nH2O |
| O | โ Tenorite | CuO |
| O | โ Clinochlore var. Pennine | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| O | โ Jacquesdietrichite | Cu2(H2BO3)(OH)3 |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | โ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Mg | โ Pumpellyite-(Mg) | Ca2MgAl2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
| Mg | โ Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 ยท nH2O |
| Mg | โ Clinochlore var. Pennine | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | โ K Feldspar var. Adularia | KAlSi3O8 |
| Al | โ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Al | โ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Al | โ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | โ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| Al | โ Pumpellyite Subgroup | Ca2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A |
| Al | โ Pumpellyite-(Mg) | Ca2MgAl2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
| Al | โ Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 ยท nH2O |
| Al | โ Clinochlore var. Pennine | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | โ K Feldspar var. Adularia | KAlSi3O8 |
| Si | โ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Si | โ Datolite | CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
| Si | โ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | โ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | โ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| Si | โ Pumpellyite Subgroup | Ca2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A |
| Si | โ Pumpellyite-(Mg) | Ca2MgAl2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
| Si | โ Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | โ Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 ยท nH2O |
| Si | โ Clinochlore var. Pennine | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | โ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | โ K Feldspar var. Adularia | KAlSi3O8 |
| K | โ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | โ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | โ Datolite | CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
| Ca | โ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ca | โ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| Ca | โ Pumpellyite Subgroup | Ca2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A |
| Ca | โ Pumpellyite-(Mg) | Ca2MgAl2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
| Ca | โ Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 ยท nH2O |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | โ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Fe | โ Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| Fe | โ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| Fe | โ Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 ยท nH2O |
| Cu | Copper | |
| Cu | โ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| Cu | โ Cuprite | Cu2O |
| Cu | โ Native Copper | Cu |
| Cu | โ Gerhardtite | Cu2(NO3)(OH)3 |
| Cu | โ Likasite | Cu3(NO3)(OH)5 ยท 2H2O |
| Cu | โ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Cu | โ Tenorite | CuO |
| Cu | โ Jacquesdietrichite | Cu2(H2BO3)(OH)3 |
| Ag | Silver | |
| Ag | โ Native Silver | Ag |
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
North AmericaContinent
North America PlateTectonic Plate
- Mid-continent DomainDomain
- Mid-continent RiftNarrow Rift
USA
- Michigan
- Keweenaw PeninsulaPeninsula
- Midcontinent RiftGeologic Province
This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to
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References
Morris, Tom (1983) Michigan Mineralogy. A locality Index. Rocks & Minerals, 58 (3). 107-113 doi:10.1080/00357529.1983.11767128p.112
(1988) Museum Notes and Announcements. Rocks & Minerals, 63 (6) 493-494 doi:10.1080/00357529.1988.11761892
ย
Caledonia Mine, Mass City, Ontonagon County, Michigan, USA