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Astrophyllite

A valid IMA mineral species

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Astrophyllite

Água de Pau Volcano, São Miguel, Azores, Portugal

Astrophyllite

Poudrette quarry, Mont Saint-Hilaire, La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM, Montérégie, Québec, Canada

Astrophyllite, etc.

Poudrette quarry, Mont Saint-Hilaire, La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM, Montérégie, Québec, Canada

Astrophyllite

Água de Pau Volcano, São Miguel, Azores, Portugal

Astrophyllite

Poudrette quarry, Mont Saint-Hilaire, La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM, Montérégie, Québec, Canada

Astrophyllite, etc.

Poudrette quarry, Mont Saint-Hilaire, La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM, Montérégie, Québec, Canada

Astrophyllite

Água de Pau Volcano, São Miguel, Azores, Portugal

Astrophyllite

Poudrette quarry, Mont Saint-Hilaire, La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM, Montérégie, Québec, Canada

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About AstrophylliteHide

Formula:

K₂NaFe²⁺₇Ti₂[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄F

Colour:

Bronze-yellow, golden yellow, brown to reddish brown

Lustre:

Greasy, Pearly, Sub-Metallic

Hardness:

Specific Gravity:

3.2 - 3.4

Crystal System:

Triclinic

Member of:

Astrophyllite Group > Astrophyllite Supergroup

Name:

From the Greek άστρον ("astron") for "star" and φύλλον ("phyllon") for "leaf", in allusion to its habit of starburst-like sprays and micaceous cleavage. It was named by the German chemist, geologist and mineralogist Carl Johan August Theodor Scheerer (1813-1875) in 1854.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Låven, Larvik Commune, Vestfold, Norway

Astrophyllite Group.
The mineral was first found in 1844 by the Norwegian mineralogist Paul Christian Weibye (1819-1865) and later described by him, in 1848, as a brown, micaceous mineral ("brauner Glimmer") from Låven (formerly Lamöskjär), Langesundsfjorden, Norway (Weibye 1848). Later Scheerer (1854) described it under the name astrophyllite. Brøgger (1890) described in detail the crystallographic and optical properties as well as its chemistry.

Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Astrophyllite.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

405

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:405:7

IMA Classification of AstrophylliteHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

IMA Formula:

K₂NaFe²⁺₇Ti₂(Si₄O₁₂)₂O₂(OH)₄F

Classification of AstrophylliteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

9.DC.05

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
C : Inosilicates with branched 2-periodic single chains; Si₂O₆ + 2SiO₃ Si₄O₁₂

Dana 8th ed.:

69.1.1.1

69 : INOSILICATES Chains with Side Branches or Loops
1 : Chains with Side Branches or Loops with (P=2, and N=4, 2 branches)

Hey's CIM Ref.:

14.9.29

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
9 : Silicates of Ti

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Ast	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Ast	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019)	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download
Ast	Warr (2020)	Warr, L.N. (2020) Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases. Clay Minerals, 55, 261–264 doi:10.1180/clm.2020.30

Physical Properties of AstrophylliteHide

Lustre:

Greasy, Pearly, Sub-Metallic

Transparency:

Translucent, Opaque

Colour:

Bronze-yellow, golden yellow, brown to reddish brown

Streak:

Golden

Hardness:

3 on Mohs scale

Tenacity:

Brittle

Cleavage:

Perfect
Perfect on {001}
Poor on {100}

Fracture:

Irregular/Uneven

Density:

3.2 - 3.4 g/cm³ (Measured)

Optical Data of AstrophylliteHide

Type:

Biaxial (+)

RI values:

n_α = 1.68 n_β = 1.7 n_γ = 1.73

2V:

Measured: 70° to 90°, Calculated: 80°

Max. Birefringence:

δ = 0.050
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.

Thickness: 30 µm

Rotation:

Surface Relief:

Moderate

Dispersion:

none

Optical Extinction:

X ≃ c; Y ≃ b; Z ≃ a.

Pleochroism:

Strong

Comments:

X= deep red-orange
Y= orange-yellow
Z= lemon-yellow

Chemistry of AstrophylliteHide

Mindat Formula:

K₂NaFe²⁺₇Ti₂[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄F

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
O	36.486 %
Fe	29.715 %
Si	17.079 %
Ti	7.277 %
K	5.944 %
Na	1.748 %
F	1.444 %
H	0.307 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

F, Fe, H, K, Na, O, Si, Ti - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Nb,Ta,Zr,Al,Mg,Ca

Chemical AnalysisHide

Oxide wt%:

	1
Na₂O	2.68 %
K₂O	5.21 %
Rb₂O	1.05 %
Cs₂O	1.35 %
CaO	1.00 %
SrO	0.10 %
MgO	1.11 %
MnO	13.99 %
FeO	18.45 %
ZnO	0.49 %
Al₂O₃	1.01 %
Ce₂O₃	0.31 %
TiO₂	9.20 %
SnO₃	0.23 %
ZrO₂	1.69 %
Nb₂O₅	2.81 %
SiO₂	33.98 %
F	1.38 %
H₂O	2.65 %
O=F	-0.58 %
Total:	98.11 %

Sample references:

ID	Locality	Reference	Notes
1	Eudidymite-Epididymite locality, Vesle Arøya, Larvik Commune, Vestfold, Norway	Piilonen, P. C., McDonald, A. M., Lalonde, A. E. (2003) Insights into astrophyllite-group minerals. II. Crystal chemistry. The Canadian Mineralogist, 41 (1). 27-54 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.41.1.27

Crystallography of AstrophylliteHide

Crystal System:

Triclinic

Class (H-M):

1 - Pinacoidal

Space Group:

Cell Parameters:

a = 5.3866 Å, b = 11.8821 Å, c = 11.6794 Å
α = 113.019°, β = 94.578°, γ = 103.120°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 0.453 : 1 : 0.983

Unit Cell V:

658.09 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Tabular, bladed, acicular.

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Year	Locality	Temp (K)
0005802	Astrophyllite	Piilonen P C, McDonald A M, Lalonde A E (2003) Insights into astrophyllite-group minerals II: Crystal chemistry The Canadian Mineralogist 41 27-54	2003	Seal Lake, Labrador, Canada	293
0005803	Astrophyllite	Piilonen P C, McDonald A M, Lalonde A E (2003) Insights into astrophyllite-group minerals II: Crystal chemistry The Canadian Mineralogist 41 27-54	2003	Langesundsfjord area, Oslo Rift Valley, Norway	293
0005805	Astrophyllite	Piilonen P C, McDonald A M, Lalonde A E (2003) Insights into astrophyllite-group minerals II: Crystal chemistry The Canadian Mineralogist 41 27-54	2003	Khibina massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia	293
0005806	Astrophyllite	Piilonen P C, McDonald A M, Lalonde A E (2003) Insights into astrophyllite-group minerals II: Crystal chemistry The Canadian Mineralogist 41 27-54	2003	Khibina massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia	293
0005809	Astrophyllite	Piilonen P C, McDonald A M, Lalonde A E (2003) Insights into astrophyllite-group minerals II: Crystal chemistry The Canadian Mineralogist 41 27-54	2003	granitic pegmatite at Mount Rosa, Pikes Peak, Colorado, USA	293
0005818	Astrophyllite	Piilonen P C, McDonald A M, Lalonde A E (2003) Insights into astrophyllite-group minerals II: Crystal chemistry The Canadian Mineralogist 41 27-54	2003	aplite/pegmatite at Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, Canada	293
0005819	Astrophyllite	Piilonen P C, McDonald A M, Lalonde A E (2003) Insights into astrophyllite-group minerals II: Crystal chemistry The Canadian Mineralogist 41 27-54	2003	nepheline syenite pegmatite at Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, Canada	293
0007257	Astrophyllite	Sokolova E, Camara F (2008) Re-investigation of the crystal structure of magnesium astrophyllite European Journal of Mineralogy 20 253-260	2008	Mt. Yukspor, Khibina alkaline massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia	293
0009310	Astrophyllite	Woodrow P J (1967) The crystal structure of astrophyllite Acta Crystallographica 22 673-678	1967	El Paso County, Colorado, USA	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Astrophyllite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Piilonen P C'
'McDonald A M'
'Lalonde A E'
_journal_name_full 'The Canadian Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 41 
_journal_year 2003
_journal_page_first 27
_journal_page_last 54
_publ_section_title
;
 Insights into astrophyllite-group minerals II: Crystal chemistry
 Note: sample LAB3, peralkaline nepheline gneiss
;
_database_code_amcsd 0005802
_chemical_compound_source 'Seal Lake, Labrador, Canada'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Fe5.988 Na.627 Mg.064 (Ti1.15 Zr.85) Si8 K1.898 Ca.121 O30 F.5 H4'
_cell_length_a 5.4049
_cell_length_b 11.9175
_cell_length_c 11.7488
_cell_angle_alpha 112.93
_cell_angle_beta 94.627
_cell_angle_gamma 103.139
_cell_volume 666.537
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      3.189
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P -1'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Fe(1)   0.85010   0.20583   0.47990   0.87600   0.01400
Na(1)   0.85010   0.20583   0.47990   0.12400   0.01400
Fe(2)   0.28060   0.06789   0.48911   0.95600   0.01500
Fe(3)   0.42270   0.35217   0.48551   0.94400   0.01490
Fe(4)   0.00000   0.50000   0.50000   0.43600   0.01370
Mg(4)   0.00000   0.50000   0.50000   0.06400   0.01370
Ti   0.07953   0.08683   0.19795   0.57500   0.01360
Zr   0.07953   0.08683   0.19795   0.42500   0.01360
Si(1)   0.67850   0.27350   0.23230   1.00000   0.01500
Si(2)   0.81430   0.54736   0.25490   1.00000   0.01540
Si(3)   0.37850   0.67503   0.25728   1.00000   0.01500
Si(4)   0.50650   0.93127   0.23660   1.00000   0.01450
K   0.13380   0.26660   0.99580   0.94900   0.06160
Na   0.50000   0.00000   0.00000   0.37900   0.02330
Ca   0.50000   0.00000   0.00000   0.12100   0.02330
O(1)   0.72720   0.31880   0.38420   1.00000   0.01560
O(2)   0.14860   0.16230   0.37460   1.00000   0.01910
O(3)   0.12720   0.39170   0.59300   1.00000   0.01610
O-H(4)   0.29860   0.46310   0.40160   1.00000   0.01800
O-H(5)   0.98920   0.11640   0.59220   1.00000   0.01830
O(6)   0.56020   0.25740   0.58960   1.00000   0.01700
O(7)   0.57280   0.01450   0.38900   1.00000   0.01550
O(8)   0.07400   0.59120   0.20300   1.00000   0.02640
O(9)   0.24930   0.04160   0.82620   1.00000   0.04970
O(10)   0.42760   0.41320   0.79680   1.00000   0.02710
O(11)   0.12870   0.80570   0.83020   1.00000   0.04950
O(12)   0.26640   0.95660   0.17230   1.00000   0.04800
O(13)   0.26754   0.60500   0.80460   1.00000   0.03360
O(14)   0.57270   0.22080   0.80030   1.00000   0.03530
O(15)   0.38730   0.19270   0.16860   1.00000   0.04720
F(16)   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.50000   0.02140
loop_
_atom_site_aniso_label
_atom_site_aniso_U_11
_atom_site_aniso_U_22
_atom_site_aniso_U_33
_atom_site_aniso_U_12
_atom_site_aniso_U_13
_atom_site_aniso_U_23
Fe(1) 0.01300 0.01250 0.01750 0.00400 0.00390 0.00690
Na(1) 0.01300 0.01250 0.01750 0.00400 0.00390 0.00690
Fe(2) 0.01380 0.01430 0.01890 0.00500 0.00460 0.00820
Fe(3) 0.01340 0.01370 0.01960 0.00490 0.00470 0.00810
Fe(4) 0.01220 0.01180 0.01710 0.00310 0.00290 0.00610
Mg(4) 0.01220 0.01180 0.01710 0.00310 0.00290 0.00610
Ti 0.01070 0.01320 0.01800 0.00390 0.00310 0.00730
Zr 0.01070 0.01320 0.01800 0.00390 0.00310 0.00730
Si(1) 0.01710 0.01150 0.01510 0.00350 0.00240 0.00480
Si(2) 0.01640 0.01280 0.01740 0.00390 0.00250 0.00690
Si(3) 0.01550 0.01320 0.01730 0.00430 0.00250 0.00730
Si(4) 0.01640 0.01330 0.01430 0.00400 0.00270 0.00660
K 0.09250 0.05040 0.03410 0.01290 0.00710 0.01470
Na 0.03070 0.01960 0.01760 0.00570 0.00430 0.00660
Ca 0.03070 0.01960 0.01760 0.00570 0.00430 0.00660
O(1) 0.01570 0.01640 0.01510 0.00460 0.00350 0.00690
O(2) 0.01550 0.01960 0.02120 0.00490 0.00160 0.00790
O(3) 0.01490 0.01750 0.01630 0.00490 0.00300 0.00720
O-H(4) 0.01580 0.01620 0.02130 0.00370 0.00360 0.00740
O-H(5) 0.01890 0.01680 0.02030 0.00510 0.00450 0.00880
O(6) 0.01530 0.01870 0.01690 0.00510 0.00270 0.00700
O(7) 0.01430 0.01460 0.01670 0.00280 0.00230 0.00640
O(8) 0.02220 0.02890 0.02250 0.00030 0.00500 0.00870
O(9) 0.03910 0.04970 0.02450 -0.02420 0.01680 -0.00290
O(10) 0.02720 0.03420 0.02290 0.01630 0.00370 0.01120
O(11) 0.08190 0.06780 0.02570 0.06340 0.02120 0.02170
O(12) 0.06460 0.04600 0.02680 0.04290 -0.01160 -0.00080
O(13) 0.06380 0.01410 0.02150 0.00560 0.00390 0.01000
O(14) 0.06460 0.01450 0.02250 0.00300 0.00450 0.00860
O(15) 0.02890 0.06360 0.02440 -0.02740 -0.00700 0.01780
F(16) 0.02270 0.02130 0.02110 0.00690 0.00400 0.00950

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Loading XRD data...

2θ (degrees) d-spacing (Å)

Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
10.6 Å	(100)
3.51 Å	(80)
2.77 Å	(60)
2.64 Å	(60)
2.57 Å	(60)
9.82 Å	(30)
1.76 Å	(30)

Comments:

Låven Island, Norway. ICDD 14-194. Pattern is nearly identical to kupletskite.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks	>3.0
35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks

Geological Setting:

Nepheline syenites and alkali granites.

Type Occurrence of AstrophylliteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Låven, Larvik Commune, Vestfold, Norway

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Mineralogische Sammlung der TU Bergakademie Freiberg.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Nepheline-syenite pegmatite.

Synonyms of AstrophylliteHide

Aastrophyllite

Asterophyllite

Astrofillite

Other Language Names for AstrophylliteHide

Dutch:Astrophylliet

French:Astrophyllite

German:Astrophyllit
Aastrophyllit
Asterophyllit
Astrophengit

Japanese:星葉石

Norwegian:Astrofyllitt

Russian:Астрофиллит

Simplified Chinese:星叶石

Spanish:Aastrophyllita
Asterophyllita
Astrophyllita

Traditional Chinese:星葉石

Relationship of Astrophyllite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Astrophyllite Group > Astrophyllite Supergroup

Other Members of Astrophyllite Group:

Bulgakite	Li₂CaFe²⁺₇Ti₂[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄O(H₂O)₂	Tric. 1 : P1
Hydroastrophyllite	[H₃O]⁺₂CaFe²⁺₇Ti₂[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄O	Tric.
Nalivkinite	Li₂NaFe²⁺₇Ti₂[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄F(H₂O)₂	Tric. 1 : P1
Niobophyllite	K₂NaFe²⁺₇(NbTi)[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄O	Tric.
Tarbagataite	(K◻)CaFe²⁺₇Ti₂[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄(OH)	Tric. 1 : P1
Zircophyllite	K₂NaFe²⁺₇Zr₂[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄F	Tric.

Forms a series with:

Kupletskite

Astrophyllite-Kupletskite Series

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

118 photos of Astrophyllite associated with Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
92 photos of Astrophyllite associated with Quartz	SiO₂
42 photos of Astrophyllite associated with Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
38 photos of Astrophyllite associated with Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
36 photos of Astrophyllite associated with Feldspar Group
21 photos of Astrophyllite associated with Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
18 photos of Astrophyllite associated with Ferro-katophorite	{Na}{CaNa}{Fe²⁺₄Al}[(AlSi₇)O₂₂](OH)₂
18 photos of Astrophyllite associated with Aenigmatite	Na₄[Fe²⁺₁₀Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]
17 photos of Astrophyllite associated with Leucophanite	NaCaBeSi₂O₆F
16 photos of Astrophyllite associated with Eudialyte	Na₁₅Ca₆Fe₃Zr₃Si(Si₂₅O₇₃)(O,OH,H₂O)₃(Cl,OH)₂

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

9.DC.	Bulgakite	Li₂CaFe²⁺₇Ti₂[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄O(H₂O)₂	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DC.05	Devitoite	Ba₄Ba₂Fe²⁺₇Fe³⁺₂[Si₄O₁₂]₂[PO₄]₂[CO₃]O₂(OH)₄◻₂	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DC.05	Zircophyllite	K₂NaFe²⁺₇Zr₂[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄F	Tric.
9.DC.05	Nalivkinite	Li₂NaFe²⁺₇Ti₂[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄F(H₂O)₂	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DC.05	Sveinbergeite	(H₂O)₂[Ca(H₂O)](Fe²⁺₆Fe³⁺)Ti₂[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄[(OH)(H₂O)]	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DC.05	Niobophyllite	K₂NaFe²⁺₇(NbTi)[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄O	Tric.
9.DC.05	Heyerdahlite	Na₂NaMn²⁺₇Ti₂[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄F(H₂O)₂	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DC.05	Tarbagataite	(K◻)CaFe²⁺₇Ti₂[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄(OH)	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DC.05	Hydroastrophyllite	[H₃O]⁺₂CaFe²⁺₇Ti₂[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄O	Tric.
9.DC.05	Lobanovite	K₂Na(Fe²⁺₄Mg₂Na)Ti₂[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄◻	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.DC.05	Niobokupletskite	K₂NaMn²⁺₇(NbTi)[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄O	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DC.05	Kupletskite-(Cs)	Cs₂NaMn²⁺₇Ti₂[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄F	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DC.05	Kupletskite	K₂NaMn²⁺₇Ti₂[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄F	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DC.05	Laverovite	K₂NaMn²⁺₇Zr₂[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄F	Tric. 1 : P1

RadioactivityHide

Radioactivity:

Element	% Content	Activity (Bq/kg)	Radiation Type
Uranium (U)	0.0000%	0	α, β, γ
Thorium (Th)	0.0000%	0	α, β, γ
Potassium (K)	5.9441%	1,843	β, γ

For comparison:

Banana: ~15 Bq per fruit
Granite: 1,000–3,000 Bq/kg
EU exemption limit: 10,000 Bq/kg

Note: Risk is shown relative to daily recommended maximum exposure to non-background radiation of 1000 µSv/year. Note that natural background radiation averages around 2400 µSv/year so in reality these risks are probably extremely overstated! With infrequent handling and safe storage natural radioactive minerals do not usually pose much risk.

Interactive Simulator:

Note: The mass selector refers to the mass of radioactive mineral present, not the full specimen, also be aware that the matrix may also be radioactive, possibly more radioactive than this mineral!

Mass of radioactive mineral:

Shielding material:

Activity: –

Distance	Dose rate	Risk
1 cm
10 cm
1 m

The external dose rate (D) from a radioactive mineral is estimated by summing the gamma radiation contributions from its Uranium, Thorium, and Potassium content, disregarding daughter-product which may have a significant effect in some cases (eg 'pitchblende'). This involves multiplying the activity (A, in Bq) of each element by its specific gamma ray constant (Γ), which accounts for its unique gamma emissions. The total unshielded dose at 1 cm is then scaled by the square of the distance (r, in cm) and multiplied by a shielding factor (μ_shield). This calculation provides a 'worst-case' or 'maximum risk' estimate because it assumes the sample is a point source and entirely neglects any self-shielding where radiation is absorbed within the mineral itself, meaning actual doses will typically be lower. The resulting dose rate (D) is expressed in microsieverts per hour (μSv/h).

D = ((A_U × Γ_U) + (A_Th × Γ_Th) + (A_K × Γ_K)) / r² × μ_shield

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for AstrophylliteHide

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https://www.mindat.org/min-405.html
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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

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References for AstrophylliteHide

Reference List:

Weibye, Paul Christian (1848) Beiträge zur topograpischen Mineralogie Norwegens. Archiv für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Bergbau und Hüttenkunde, 22. 465-544

Scheerer, Th. (1854) Verhandlungen des bergmännischen Vereins zu Freiberg [Negotiations of the Miners' Association of Freiberg]. Berg - und hüttenmännische Zeitung. Mit besonderer Brücksichtigung der Mineralogie und Geologie, 8 (13). 239-240

Scheerer, Th. (1864) Ueber den Astrophyllit und sein Verhältniss zu Augit und Glimmer im Zirkonsyenit, nebst Bemerkungen über die plutonische Entstehung solcher Gebilde. Annalen der Physik und Chemie, 198. 107-138 doi:10.1002/andp.18641980507

Brøgger, Waldemar Christofer (1890) Die Mineralien der Syenitpegmatitgänge der südnorwegischen Augit- und Nephelinsyenite. Zeitschrift für Krystallographie und Mineralogie, 16 (1). 1-893pp.200-216

Woodrow, P. J. (1967) The crystal structure of astrophyllite. Acta Crystallographica, 22 (5) 673-678 doi:10.1107/s0365110x67001331

Manning, P. G. (1969) On the origin of colour and pleochroism of astrophyllite and brown clintonite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 9 (5) 663-677

Fleischer, Michael, Chao, G. Y., Cabri, L. J. (1975) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 60 (7-8) 736-739

(2001) Astrophyllite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Ma, Zhesheng, Li, Guowu, Shi, Nicheng, Zhou, Huyun, Ye, Danian, Pushcharovsky, D. Yu. (2001) Structure refinement of astrophyllite. Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences, 44 (6). 508-516 doi:10.1007/bf02876210

Jambor, J.L., Roberts, A.C. (2002) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 87: 996-999.

Piilonen, P. C., Lalonde, A. E., McDonald, A. M., Gault, R. A., Larsen, A. O. (2003) Insights into astrophyllite-group minerals. I. Nomenclature, composition and development of standardized general formula. The Canadian Mineralogist, 41 (1). 1-26 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.41.1.1

Piilonen, P. C., McDonald, A. M., Lalonde, A. E. (2003) Insights into astrophyllite-group minerals. II. Crystal chemistry. The Canadian Mineralogist, 41 (1). 27-54 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.41.1.27

Sokolova, Elena, Cámara, Fernando (2008) Re-investigation of the crystal structure of magnesium astrophyllite. European Journal of Mineralogy, 20 (2) 253-260 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2008/0020-1796

Cámara, Fernando; Sokolova, Elena; Abdu, Yassir; Hawthorne, Frank C. (2010) The crystal structures of niobophyllite, kupletskite-(Cs) and Sn-rich astrophyllite: revisions to the crystal chemistry of the astrophyllite-group minerals. The Canadian Mineralogist, 48 (1). 1-16 doi:10.3749/canmin.48.1.1

Cámara, Fernando, Sokolova, Elena, Abu, Yassir, Hawthorne, Frank (2010) The crystal structures of niobophyllite, kupletskite-(Cs) and Sn-rich astrophyllite: Revisions to the crystal chemistry of the astrophyllite-group minerals: Erratum. The Canadian Mineralogist, 48 (2) 431 doi:10.3749/canmin.48.2.431

Sokolova, E. (2012) Further developments in the structure topology of the astrophyllite-group minerals. Mineralogical Magazine, 76 (4) 863-882 doi:10.1180/minmag.2012.076.4.04

Sokolova, Elena, Cámara, Fernando, Hawthorne, Frank C., Ciriotti, Marco E. (2017) The astrophyllite supergroup: nomenclature and classification. Mineralogical Magazine, 81 (1) 143-153 doi:10.1180/minmag.2016.080.077

Localities for AstrophylliteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Africa
ⓘ Mauze Intrusion	Dixey et al. (1937) +2 other references

Australia
New South Wales Fitzroy Co. Moleton Mole Creek ⓘ Toe Rag Mine ?	Alan Melbourne collection

Brazil
Minas Gerais Poços de Caldas ⓘ Bortolan quarry	Azzi (2019)
ⓘ Morro do Serrote	Horstpeter H. G. J. Ulbrich (1984)
ⓘ Pedra Balão outcrops	Nomura et al. (2010)
ⓘ Poços de Caldas alkaline complex	Atencio et al. (1999) +3 other references
Paraná Tijucas do Sul Morro Redondo complex ⓘ Papanduva pluton	Vilalva et al. (2010) +1 other reference
Rio de Janeiro Itatiaia ⓘ Itatiaia alkaline complex	Rosa et al. (2018)
Santa Catarina ⓘ Lages	G Traversa et al (1994)
São Paulo Ilhabela Búzios island ⓘ Búzios island alkaline massif	de Barros Gomes et al. (2017)

Canada
British Columbia Golden Mining Division ⓘ Ice River Alkaline Complex
New Brunswick Queens Co. ⓘ Welsford Anorogenic Igneous Complex	Martin et al. (1988)
Newfoundland and Labrador Labrador ⓘ Flowers River complex	Miller (1988)
ⓘ Red Wine Alkaline Complex	Curtis et al. (1977)
Seal Lake alkaline complex (Letitia Lake) ⓘ Mann 1 (Letitia Lake)	GSC locality database +1 other reference
Newfoundland Baie Verte Peninsula King's Point ⓘ King's Point complex	Miller et al. (1995)
Northwest Territories ⓘ Blachford Lake alkaline complex	... +1 other reference
Québec Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine La Haute-Gaspésie RCM ⓘ Mont McGerrigle alkaline complex	Wallace et al. (1990) +1 other reference
Montérégie La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM Mont Saint-Hilaire ⓘ Poudrette quarry (De-Mix quarry; Demix quarry; Uni-Mix quarry; Carrière Mont Saint-Hilaire; MSH)	MARTIN (1975) +3 other references
Lajemmerais RCM Varennes & St-Amable ⓘ Saint-Amable sill	Horváth et al. (1998)
ⓘ Demix-Varennes quarry	Horváth et al. (1998)
Montréal Mont Royal ⓘ Canadian National Railway tunnel	Finley (1930)
ⓘ Corporation (Forsyth's) quarry	Lacroix (1890)
Nord-du-Québec Nunavik ⓘ Misery Lake alkaline complex	Petrella (2013)
ⓘ Strange Lake Alkalic Complex (Strange Lake Complex; Lac Brisson Complex)	Currie (1985) +3 other references
Yukon Watson Lake mining district ⓘ Ting Creek intrusion	Geol

Chile
Aisén Capitán Prat Province ⓘ Del Salto pluton	Welkner +2 other references

China
Heilongjiang Yichun Xinqing District ⓘ Qingshui	Wu et al. (2002)
Inner Mongolia Tongliao City (Tongliao Prefecture) Jarud Banner (Zalute Co.) ⓘ Baerzhe complex	Qiu et al. (2019) +1 other reference
Intrusion No. 801 ⓘ West ore body	The Editorial Committee of the Mineral deposits in China (eds) +1 other reference
Sichuan Liangshan Yi Huili County ⓘ Baicao Nb-Ta deposit	Fenlian Wang et al. (2012)
Panzhihua Yanbian County ⓘ Luku Complex	Lin et al. (1995)
ⓘ Luku Mine	Fenlian Wang et al. (2012)
Tibet Nyingtri Prefecture (Linzhi Prefecture) Mêdog Co. (Motuo Co.) ⓘ Mount Namjagbarwa (Mount Nanjiabawa)	Liu
ⓘ Astrophyllite locality	Yan Liu et al. (1997)
Xinjiang Akesu Prefecture Baicheng Co. ⓘ Boziguoer intrusion	Jingwu Yin et al. (2013) +3 other references

Egypt
Red Sea Governorate ⓘ Gharib granite	Stern et al. (1985) +3 other references
ⓘ Wadi Dib Intrusion	Frisch et al. (1999)

Finland
North Karelia Joensuu ⓘ Kiihtelysvaara nepheline syenite	Eskola et al. (1930)

France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Haute-Loire Le Puy-en-Velay ⓘ Velay Volcanic Area	Brousse +15 other references
Corsica Corse-du-Sud Ajaccio Cristinacce ⓘ Evisa-Calasima Complex	l'exemple de l'association du Vieux Pont d'Ota. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France (4) +5 other references
Occitanie Aude Narbonne Fitou ⓘ Fitou nepheline syenite intrusion	Azambre et al. (1992)

Greenland
Kujalleq Igaliku Narsaarsuk Plateau ⓘ Narssârssuk pegmatite	Bøggild (1953) +1 other reference
Narsaarsuup Qaava ⓘ Nanna pegmatite	McDonald et al. (2001) +1 other reference
Igaliku Complex ⓘ Motzfeldt Centre	Jones et al. (1985)
ⓘ MSC Altered Syenite	Rooks et al. (2026)
ⓘ Ilímaussaq complex	Petersen (2001) +1 other reference
ⓘ Kangerluarsuk Fjord	Sørensen (1962)
Head of Kangerluarsuk Lilleelv ⓘ Lilleelv pegmatite	- (n.d.)
ⓘ Kringlerne	Petersen (2001)
ⓘ Leucophanite occurrence	Bohse et al. (2001)
ⓘ Qeqertaussaq Island	Lorenzen (1884)
ⓘ East Coast Pegmatite	Soerensen (1962)
ⓘ Tunulliarfik Fjord	Sørensen (1962)
ⓘ North Siorarssuit	Bøggild (1953)
Nunarsuit Island ⓘ Nunarssuit complex	Finch et al. (2001)
ⓘ Puklen complex	www.uni-tuebingen.de (2003) +1 other reference
Sermersooq Arsuk Fjord ⓘ Kûngnât complex	Stephenson et al. (1982)
Kangerlussuaq Fjord (Søndre Strømfjord) ⓘ Kangerlussuaq Alkaline Complex	Brooks (2011)
ⓘ Kap Edvard Holm Complex	Woolley (1987)

Guinea
Conakry Region ⓘ Los Archipelago (Los Islands)	Gerasimovskii et al. (Guinea) +8 other references
ⓘ Kassa Island	Lacroix (1931) +2 other references
ⓘ Rouma Island	Lacroix (1908) +1 other reference

Kazakhstan
Abai Region Tarbagatai Range Akzhaylyautas Mts (Akzhailyautas Mts; Akjaylautas Mts; Akzhalautas Mts) ⓘ Verkhnee Espe Massif (Verkhnee Espe deposit)	Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Zharma District ⓘ Kandygatai Intrusion
Karaganda Region Karkaraly ⓘ Kent Massif	geo.web.ru (2007)

Kyrgyzstan
Batken Region Sokh Valley Upper Khodzhaachkan River ⓘ Dzhelisu Massif	Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Zeravshan range Matcha massif ⓘ Gere-Su river	Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)

Madagascar
Diana Ambanja District Anorotsangana ⓘ Bezavona Massif	Lacroix (1922) +1 other reference

Malawi
Southern Region Chikwawa ⓘ Salambidwe Intrusion	Garson
Machinga ⓘ Junguni Hill	Bloomfield (1965) +5 other references
Mangochi ⓘ Lake Malombe Vents	Garson
Mulanje ⓘ Mlanje Massif	pdfs.semanticscholar.org (n.d.) +5 other references
ⓘ Mulanje Massif (Mlange Massif)	Wooley (2001)
ⓘ Zomba-Malosa Complex	Bloomfield (Compiler) +6 other references
Zomba ⓘ Mount Malosa	Guastoni et al. (2007) +2 other references

Mali
Kidal Region Kidal Cercle ⓘ Kidal-Tibeljeljeline Complex	Black et al. (1979) +2 other references
Tessalit Cercle ⓘ Timedjelalen Complex	Liégeois et al. (1984) +7 other references

Mauritania
Tiris Zemmour Region F'dérik ⓘ Tiguesmat el Akhdar Intrusion	Nations Unies 1974. Carte geologique de la dorsale regueibat. et de ses bordures sedimentaires (Partie orientale) +2 other references

Mongolia
Khovd Province Mankhan District ⓘ Botgon bag	Žáček et al. (2016) +1 other reference
Khövsgöl Province Alag-Erdene District ⓘ Barun Mankhan massif	Anatoly Nikiforov analytical data
Ömnögovi Province Khanbogd District ⓘ Khan Bogd Peralkaline Granite	N.V. Vladykin data

Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet Region Midelt Province Midelt Cercle Aït Oufella Caïdat Amersid ⓘ Jebel Bou-Agrao	Khadem Allah (1993) +1 other reference
ⓘ Tamazert Complex (Tamazeght Complex)	Jeremine et al. (1947) +9 other references

Namibia
Erongo Region Dâures Constituency Brandberg Area ⓘ Brandberg Complex	Chudoba (1930) +6 other references
ⓘ Amis Complex	Schmitt et al. (2002) +1 other reference
ⓘ Amis Gorge	von Bezing (2007)
ǁKaras Region ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency ⓘ Granitberg Complex	Verwoerd (1967) +7 other references

New Zealand
West Coast Region Grey District ⓘ Deutgam Granite	Tulloch et al. (1994)
ⓘ French Creek Granite Intrusion	Tulloch et al. (1990) +2 other references

Nigeria
Bauchi Shira ⓘ Shira Complex	Bennett et al. (1984) +1 other reference
Jigawa Dutse ⓘ Dutse Complex	Bennett et al. (1984) +1 other reference
Plateau ⓘ Jos Plateau	Am Min 51:299-323
ⓘ Kigom	OMADA et al. (2003)
Younger ring complex ⓘ Jos-Bukuru	Woolley (2001)
ⓘ Liruei ring complex	Bailey (1980)
Yobe Machina ⓘ Matsena Occurrence	Turner +1 other reference

Norway
Akershus Lunner ⓘ ~~Gjerdingselva~~	Raade et al. (1980) +1 other reference
Nittedal ⓘ Delebekken Quarry ?	Kvamsdal (2018)
Buskerud Kongsberg ⓘ Lake Mykle	Bonin et al. (2003)
Øvre Eiker Gunhildrud ⓘ Bakstevalåsen	Hurum et al. (1997) +2 other references
Telemark Porsgrunn Auenlandet Sagåsen ⓘ Saga 1 Quarry	Larsen et al. (2010)
ⓘ Sagåsen Quarry	Larsen et al. (2010) +2 other references
ⓘ Østre Brattholmen	Wilfred Steffens collection 1992 +1 other reference
Siktesøya ⓘ ~~Brønnebukta~~	Larsen et al. (1991) +1 other reference
ⓘ Tangane	Larsen et al. (2010)
Skien Luksefjell Luksefjell Chapel (Bø Chapel) ⓘ Astrophyllite occurrence	Dietrich et al. (1965)
Vestfold Færder Færder Islands ⓘ Hoftøya ?	Larsen et al. (2010) +1 other reference
Larvik Commune ⓘ Arøyskjærene (Arøy skerries)	Larsen et al. (2010)
ⓘ Arøyskjærene North	Knut Edvard Larsen
ⓘ Fredriksen's prospect	Tom Engvoldsen collection 1986 +1 other reference
Barkevik area ⓘ Barkevika	Brøgger (1890)
ⓘ Barkevika North	Knut Edvard Larsen collection (MM-2379)
ⓘ Barkevikstranda	Knut Edvard Larsen observation in field ...
ⓘ Barkevikskjær	Brøgger (1890) +1 other reference
ⓘ Biong	Knut Edvard Larsen observation in field ...
ⓘ Kjeøya	Brøgger (1890)
ⓘ Catapleiite locality	Berge (n.d.)
ⓘ Kjeøya North	Berge (n.d.)
ⓘ Kjeøya Northwest (melanocerite occurrence)	Berge (n.d.)
ⓘ Melanocerite typelocality	Brøgger (1890)
ⓘ Skutesundskjær	Andersen et al. (1996)
ⓘ Teineholmen	Andersen et al. (1996)
Brunlanes Nevlunghavn ⓘ Lakseberget	Knut Edvard Larsen (2023)
ⓘ Eikaholmen	Collection of Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet i Stockholm (The Natural History Museum) +1 other reference
Hedrum Lågendalen ⓘ ~~Bratthagen 1~~	Sæbø (1966) +1 other reference
Lysebo ⓘ ~~Lysebo roadcut~~	Andersen et al. (1996)
ⓘ Låven (TL)	Scheerer (1854) +1 other reference
ⓘ Lille Arøya	Larsen et al. (2010)
ⓘ Eudidymite locality	Brøgger (1890)
Stavern (Fredriksvärn) ⓘ Jahren pegmatite	Larsen (2018)
ⓘ Jahrehagen cottage grounds	Andresen et al. (2018)
ⓘ Stokkøya	Brøgger (1890)
ⓘ Store Arøya (Arøy)	Brøgger (1890)
ⓘ Arøya Northeast	Berge (n.d.)
ⓘ Leucophanite-locality	Brøgger (1890)
Tvedalen ⓘ Heia Quarry	Larsen et al. (2010)
ⓘ Johs Nilsens Quarry	Peter Andresen collection
ⓘ Røyås Quarry	Larsen et al. (2010)
ⓘ Tuften	Larsen et al. (2010)
ⓘ A/S Granit Quarry	Andresen (2013)
Vesle Arøya ⓘ "Natronkatapleït"-locality	Brøgger (1890)
ⓘ Eudidymite-Epididymite locality	Flink (1899) +2 other references
ⓘ Natrolittodden	Brøgger (1890)
Sandefjord Vesterøya ⓘ Buer	Larsen et al. (2010)
ⓘ Husefjell	Larsen et al. (2010)
ⓘ Vøra	Raade et al. (1980) +1 other reference

Pakistan
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province Buner District ⓘ Koga Nepheline Syenite Intrusion	Siddiqui et al. (1968) +2 other references
Mohmand District ⓘ Warsak Intrusions	Kempe (1973) +2 other references
Peshawar District Hameed Abad Kafoor Dheri ⓘ Zagi Mountain	Leavens et al. (2004)

Portugal
Azores São Miguel ⓘ Água de Pau Volcano	Osann (1888)
ⓘ Ribeira Grande	Neil B's collection (photos copyright Pedro Alves 2024)
ⓘ Pumice quarry	Ternes (1999)
ⓘ Ruins of Lombadas syenite xenolith occurrence	Cámara et al. (2017)
Vila Franca do Campo ⓘ Água de Alto	Alves (n.d.)

Romania
Harghita County Ditrău Complex Jolotca (Orotva) ⓘ Adit No 25	Hirtopanu et al. (2000)

Russia
Buryatia Mama River Basin Maigunda River ⓘ Burpala alkaline massif	Bailey (1980) +2 other references
ⓘ Upper Trekhozernyi Stream	Merlino S. et al. (1990) +1 other reference
Chelyabinsk Oblast ⓘ Ilmen Mountains	Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data 2021
ⓘ Pit No. 405	webmineral.ru (n.d.)
Murmansk Oblast Belye Tundry Massif ⓘ Zirkonovoe pegmatite body (Zirkonovoye)	Voloshin et al. (2005) +1 other reference
ⓘ Eveslogchorr Mt	[World of Stones 95:5-6 +1 other reference
Astrophyllite Stream ⓘ Pegmatite	Pekov et al (2005) +1 other reference
ⓘ Vein No. 1 of Labuntsov	A.N. Labuntsov Mineralogical survey of central parts of Khibina massif (zircon, catapleiite and fersmanite localities)
ⓘ Fersman Gorge	Men'shikov Yu.P. et al. (2003)
ⓘ IGC Stop 4-2	Arzamastsev et al. (2008)
ⓘ Unnamed Stream	Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
ⓘ Vein No. 2	Men'shikov (2006)
ⓘ Wadeite point	Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference
Kandalakshsky District ⓘ Mokhnatye Roga	Akimenko et al. (2014)
ⓘ Kitchepakhk Mountain	Konopleva et al. (2008) +1 other reference
Koashva Mt ⓘ Koashva Open Pit	Yakovenchuk et al. (2003) +1 other reference
ⓘ Kuel'por Mt	- (n.d.)
Kukisvumchorr Mt ⓘ Kirovskii apatite mine	Haas (n.d.)
252 m level ⓘ Hilairitovoye pegmatite	Pekov (2003)
ⓘ Marchenko Peak	Pekov (1998)
ⓘ IGC Stop 5-4	Arzamastsev et al. (2008)
ⓘ Northeast slope	Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Lovozersky District ⓘ Chivruai river valley	Men'shikov (2006)
Keivy Mountains ⓘ Western Keivy Massif	Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
ⓘ West Keivy Block	Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
ⓘ Astrophyllite vein (Rova river; Rov-river; Rov-lake)	geo.web.ru (2012)
ⓘ White Tundra pegmatite	Zozulya et al. (2022) +1 other reference
ⓘ Niva alkaline intrusion	Arzamastseva et al. (1999) +1 other reference
ⓘ Poachvumchorr Mountain	Mikhailova et al. (2007) +1 other reference
ⓘ Rasvumchorr Mt	Mikhailova et al. (2007)
Rasvumchorr Mine ⓘ Tsentral'nyi Mine	Pekov et al. (2011)
Rypnetsk Mountain ⓘ Kuropachii pass	Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
ⓘ Takhtarvumchorr Mt	Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +2 other references
ⓘ IGC Stop 6-3	Arzamastsev et al. (2008)
ⓘ Locality no 53 (IGC Stop 6-2)	Arzamastsev et al. (2008)
ⓘ Vantomnyutsk Mountain	Konopleva et al. (2008)
ⓘ Vuonnemiok River Valley	Pekov (1998)
ⓘ Yukspor Mountain	Sokolova et al. (2008)
ⓘ Hackman Valley	[World of Stones 95:5-6 +1 other reference
ⓘ Vein no. 26	Yakovenchuk et al. (2005)
ⓘ Yuksporlak pass	Pekov (1998)
ⓘ Yum'echorr Mt (Yumjechorr)	Konopleva et al. (2008)
ⓘ Sakha	[World of Stones 12:49]
Tuva Kaa-Khemsky District ⓘ Erzin massif	Bailey (1980)
Sangilen Upland ⓘ Korgeredaba alkaline massif	Kapustin et al. (1965)
Zabaykalsky Krai Kalarsky District ⓘ Katugin Ta-Nb deposit	Starikova et al. (2015) +1 other reference

Slovakia
Banská Bystrica Region Rimavská Sobota District ⓘ Hnúšťa	Koděra (1986)

South Africa
North West Bojanala Platinum District Municipality Moses Kotane Local Municipality ⓘ Pilanesberg Alkaline Ring Complex	The Canadian Mineralogist +1 other reference
ⓘ Matooster	Paul Meulenbeld collection photo ID ...
ⓘ Pilanesberg Mountain

Spain
Canary Islands Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province Tenerife ⓘ ~~Alcala~~	Dill et al. (2023)
ⓘ ~~Los Humilladeros~~	Dill et al. (2023)
ⓘ ~~Mount Pelada~~	Dill et al. (2023)
ⓘ ~~Playa de San Juan~~	Dill et al. (2023)
Galicia A Coruña Dumbría ⓘ Baiñas-Mazaricos gneisses	Parga-Pondal (1956) +2 other references
Pontevedra Gondomar Vincios ⓘ Galiñeiro Complex	Floor (1961) +4 other references
Vigo ⓘ Zamanes	Floor (1961)

Tajikistan
Districts of Republican Subordination ⓘ Dara-i-Pioz Massif	Pekov (1998) +1 other reference

Ukraine
Dnipropetrovsk Oblast Synelnykove Raion ⓘ Malotersyanskii
Donetsk Oblast Volnovakha Raion ⓘ Dmitrievskii quarry	Pekov I.V. et al. (Priazovie) +1 other reference

USA
Arkansas Hot Spring County ⓘ Magnet Cove	Shockley (1976)
ⓘ Cove Creek Bridge and The Branch area	Smith (1994)
ⓘ Eudialyte pegmatite	Erickson +1 other reference
ⓘ Jones Mill Quarry	Henry Barwood - unpublished (2010)
Pulaski County Little Rock ⓘ Granite Mountain area	Smith (1988) +1 other reference
ⓘ Big Rock Quarry (3M Quarry; Arch Street Pike Quarry)	Smith (1997)
ⓘ Saline County	Howard (1987) +1 other reference
Colorado El Paso County ⓘ Cheyenne Mining District (St. Peters Dome Mining District)	- (2005)
ⓘ Hillside Park claims	www.mindat.org (n.d.)
ⓘ St Peters Dome	Palache et al. (1951) +2 other references
ⓘ Eureka Tunnel (1-15 pegmatite)	Paul J. Broyles
ⓘ Unnamed pegmatite	Eckel et al. (1997)
ⓘ Stove Mountain Mineral Locality (Cook Stove Mountain Mineral Locality)	- (2005)
ⓘ West Cheyenne Canyon	Eckel et al. (1997)
ⓘ Mount Rosa	Gross et al. (1966) +1 other reference
ⓘ Rosa No. 1 trench	Gross et al. (1966)
ⓘ Stove Mountain (Cookstove Mountain)	Hanson et al. (2013)
Maine Kennebec County Litchfield ⓘ Dennis Hill locality (Litchfield sodalite locality)	King et al. (1994)
York County ⓘ Cashes Ledge	Toulmin et al. (1957)
Massachusetts Essex County ⓘ Gloucester	Gleba (2008)
ⓘ Blackburn Circle locality	P Cristofono collection
Rockport ⓘ Rockport Granite Company quarries	Sears (1905) +1 other reference
Norfolk County ⓘ Quincy	Pirsson (1910)
Sharon ⓘ Rattlesnake Hill ?	Whitehead (1913)
Montana Jefferson County ⓘ Boulder Batholith	The Lapidary Journal (W.C. van Laer) +5 other references
Goldflint Mountain ⓘ Foolhen #2 pegmatite	W.C. van Laer
ⓘ Homestake Pass	van Laer (1979)
New Hampshire Carroll County ⓘ Conway	Meyers et al. (1956)
North Conway ⓘ Hurricane Mountain localities	Rocks & Min 80:245 +1 other reference
Moultonborough ⓘ Red Hill	Woolley (1987)
Coos County ⓘ Stark	Morrill
ⓘ Stratford	Rocks & Min 80:249
ⓘ South Percy Peak locality	Rocks and Minerals (1990)
Rhode Island Providence County Cumberland ⓘ Beacon Pole Hill quarry	Miller (1971)
Diamond Hill ⓘ Diamond Hill Granite Company quarry (Catamint Hill quarry; Calumet Hill quarry)	Miller (1971)
ⓘ Grants Mills	Miller (1971)
Virginia ⓘ Augusta County	Dietrich (1990)
West Augusta ⓘ Stoutameyer Branch (Stotameyer Creek)	Robin D. Tibbit (deceased)
ⓘ Rockingham County	Dietrich (1990)
Washington Okanogan County Golden Horn Batholith ⓘ Washington Pass	Micro Probe Volume VI Number 8 +2 other references
Wisconsin Marathon County Wausau Intrusive Complex ⓘ Stettin pluton	Buchholz et al. (2019)

Yemen
Aden Governorate ⓘ Socotra Island	Beydoun et al. (1969)

Astrophyllite

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