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Holopeidae ✝

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Description

†Holopeidae is an extinct family of paleozoic gastropod mollusks. These molluscs were stationary epifaunal suspension feeders.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holopeidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 4.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	3245077	https://www.gbif.org/species/3245077
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	58418	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=58418

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Holopeidae

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Euomphalina : Holopeidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca	Linnaeus 1758
class	Gastropoda	Cuvier 1797
subclass	Eogastropoda	Ponder and Lindberg 1996
order	Euomphalina	de Koninck 1881
superfamily	Euomphaloidea
family	Holopeidae	Wenz 1938

Scientific Name

Holopeidae

Name Published In

Cossmann, M. (1908). [Review of] Système silurien du centre de la Bohème, 1ère partie. Recherches paléontologiques. Vol. IV: Gastropodes, T. II, par J. Perner. Revue Critique de Paléozoologie. 12(2): 91−95.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Holopeidae	family	belongs to Platyceratacea	stated with evidence	Knight et al., 1960
Holopeidae	family	belongs to Platyceratoidea	stated without evidence	Golikov and Starobogatov, 1975
Holopeidae	family	belongs to Euomphaloidea	stated with evidence	Wagner, 1999
Holopeidae	family	belongs to Platyceratoidea	stated without evidence	Mawson et al., 2002
Holopeidae	family	belongs to Euomphaloidea	stated with evidence	Jeffery, 2003
Holopeidae	family	belongs to Gastropoda	stated without evidence	Bouchet et al., 2005

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

128

First Recorded Appearance

485 - 478 Ma
Paleozoic

Last Recorded Appearance

254 - 252 Ma
Permian

Motility

stationary (based on Euomphaloidea)

Vision

limited (based on Gastropoda)

Diet

suspension feeder (based on Euomphaloidea)

Ecospace Comments

BODY SIZE: Based on component genera; 4 of 4 genera share 10 to < 100 length, 4 of 4 share 10 to < 100 width.

Taphonomy

aragonite (based on Gastropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

W. Wenz. 1938. Handbuch der Paläozoologie; Gastropoda. Handbuch der Paläozoologie

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holopeidae

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Holopeinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)	6	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Anastrophina ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	453 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	453 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Australonema ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	36	433 Ma Silurian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Cyclora ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	35	470 Ma Middle Ordovician	441 Ma Silurian
Eopagodea ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Gyronema ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	63	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	304 Ma Carboniferous
Holopea ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	279	485 Ma Cambrian	254 Ma Permian
Pachystrophia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	54	472 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician	393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Protospirialis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Raphispira ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	426 Ma Silurian
Raphistomina ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	63	485 Ma Cambrian	423 Ma Silurian
Threavia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Cycloridae	GBIF	family	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cycloridae

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1889	Cycloridae Miller
1938	Holopeidae Wenz
1960	Holopeidae Knight et al. p. 239
1975	Holopeidae Golikov and Starobogatov p. 208
1999	Holopeidae Wagner p. 74
2002	Holopeidae Mawson et al.
2003	Holopeidae Jeffery
2005	Holopeidae Bouchet et al. p. 242

References

Wenz W. (1938) Handbuch der Paläozoologie; Gastropoda, Handbuch der Paläozoologie

Knight J. B., Cox L. R., et al (1960) Systematic descriptions, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Mollusca I 1, 169-339

Golikov A. N., Starobogatov Y. I. (1975) Systematics of prosobranch gastropods, Malacologia 15 2, 185-232

Wagner P. J. (1999) Phylogenetics of the earliest anisostrophically coiled gastropods, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 88, 1-132

Mawson R., Smith D., et al (2002) Silicified Early Devonian (Lochkovian) gastropods from Windellama, south-eastern Australia, Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 27, 59-73

Jeffery P. (2003) GastroClass: Gastropod Classification Website

Bouchet P., Rocroi J.-P, et al (2005) A nomenclator and classification of gastropod family-group names, Malacologia 47 1-2, 1-368

Bouchet, P., Rocroi, J.-P. (2005). Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia. 47(1-2): 1-397 ISBN 3-925919-72-4. - via World Register of Marine Species

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P. (2005). Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia. 47(1-2): 1-397. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Museum Victoria KEmu database (Oct 2006) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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