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Research article
First published September 2004

Armed Conflict, 1989–2003

Mikael Eriksson and Peter WallensteenView all authors and affiliations
Volume 41, Issue 5
https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343304047568

Abstract

The global number of armed conflicts continued to decline in 2003. A total of 29 conflicts in 22 countries were active in 2003, as against 31 conflicts in 23 countries in 2002. This is the lowest level of armed conflict since the early 1970s. The probability that any particular country was involved in a conflict has never been lower since the early 1950s. Five of the conflicts active in 2003 reached the level of war. A total of 229 armed conflicts in 148 countries have been recorded for the period after World War II (1946–2003). Of these, 116 conflicts in 78 countries were active in the period after the end of the Cold War (1989–2003). Most conflicts are internal: only seven interstate armed conflicts were recorded in the period 1989–2003, of which two were still active in 2003. The measurement of armed conflict is mainly based on news reporting, and it suffers from national and cultural biases. But the scrutiny of armed conflict is becoming more intense, and new sources of information are emerging. For this reason, we have increasing confidence in our data.
1 See Appendix 1 for other states active in the conflict.
2 We have temporarily removed the Al-Qaeda conflict from the conflict list as it requires further investigation to determine its incompatibility and how to categorize the events of 11 September. We are adding a new category of onesided conflict where civilian targets are separated from the military. If this conflict were included, it would change the total in Table I for 2001 to 36.

References

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Volume 41, Issue 5
Pages: 625 - 636
Article first published: September 2004
Issue published: September 2004

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Peter Wallensteen
Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University
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